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1. Aristotle assumed the Universe was infinite in extent and age. What are the logical physical/observational problems with the Universe being of infinite age?
   
   
   
2. Give a brief overview of the Aristotles's model of the solar system and the mechanisms used by Ptolemy to keep that model consistent with the observation of retrograde motion.
   
   
   
3. Explain why Earth, Air, Fire and Water can be considered as the first table of elements.
   
   
   
4. What would the calculated circumference of the Earth have to be if Eratosthenes has measured a shadow length of 11 degrees instead of 7 degrees? (show your work)
   
   
   
5. Explain how Galileo's observation of the phases of Venus implied (in fact almost proves) that the Sun must be at the center of the Solar System.
   
   
   
6. What are the principle differences between Aristotle's Universe and the Renaissance Cosmologies in terms of the concept of the position of objects in the sky?