Tornadoes come in a variety of shapes and sizes



Cyclostrophic balance, pressure gradients and the induced vertical pressure gradient as a consequence of cylinder rotation:



From before when we discussed bouyancy induced vertical motions we derived:

To maintain cyclostrophic balance (at all vertical levels) a rather large pressure difference between the tornado center and the environment is required.

We start with this numerical example:



Vorticity concentration and conservation act as stretch mechanisms that create the tornado collimated funnel.